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register
1. One of a small number of high-speed memory locations in a
computer's CPU. Registers differ from ordinary
random access memory in several respects:
There are only a small number of registers (the "register
set"), typically 32 in a modern processor though some,
e.g. SPARC, have as many as 144. A register may be directly
addressed with a few bits. In contrast, there are usually
millions of words of main memory (RAM), requiring at least
twenty bits to specify a memory location. Main memory
locations are often specified indirectly, using an indirect
addressing mode where the actual memory address is held in a
register.
Registers are fast; typically, two registers can be read and a
third written -- all in a single cycle. Memory is slower; a
single access can require several cycles.
The limited size and high speed of the register set makes it
one of the critical resources in most computer architectures.
Register allocation, typically one phase of the back-end,
controls the use of registers by a compiled program.
See also accumulator, FUBAR, orthogonal, register
dancing, register allocation, register spilling.
2. An addressable location in a memory-mapped peripheral
device. E.g. the transmit data register in a UART.
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Nearby terms:
regexp « Regina « regional network « register » register allocation » register assignment » register dancing
This article was derived from the Free Online Dictionary of Computers and is available under ther terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
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