priority interrupt
[hardware] Describes any stimulus compelling enough to yank
one right out of hack mode. Classically used to describe
being dragged away by an SO for immediate sex, but may also
refer to more mundane interruptions such as a fire alarm going
off in the near vicinity. Also called an NMI (non-maskable
interrupt), especially in PC-land.
[Jargon File]
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priority inversion
<parallel> The state of a concurrent system where a high
priority task is waiting for a low priority task which is
waiting for a medium priority task. The system may become
unstable and crash under these circumstances.
In an operating system that uses multiple tasks, each task
(or context) may be given a priority. These priorities help
the scheduler decide which task to run next. Consider
tasks, L, M, and H, with priorities Low, Medium, and High. M
is running and H is blocked waiting for some resource that is
held by L. So long as any task with a priority higher than L
is runable, it will prevent task L, and thus task H, from
running.
Priority inversion is generally considered either as a
high-level design failure or an implementation issue to be
taken into account depending on who is talking. Most
operating systems have methods in place to prevent or take
inversion into account. Priority inheritance is one method.
The most public instance of priority inversion is the repeated
'fail-safe' rebooting of the Mars Pathfinder.
base station ('Sagan Memorial Station').
(2003-06-04)
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priority queue
<programming> A data structure with three operations: insert a
new item, return the highest priority item, and remove the
highest priority item. The obvious way to represent priority
queues is by maintaining a sorted list but this can make the
insert operation very slow. Greater efficiency can be
achieved by using heaps.
(1996-03-12)
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priority scheduling
<operating system> Processes scheduling in which the
scheduler selects tasks to run based on their priority as
opposed to, say, a simple round-robin.
Priorities may be static or dynamic. Static priorities are
assigned at the time of creation, while dynamic priorities are
based on the processes' behaviour while in the system. For
example, the scheduler may favour I/O-intensive tasks so
that expensive requests can be issued as early as possible.
A danger of priority scheduling is starvation, in which
processes with lower priorities are not given the opportunity
to run. In order to avoid starvation, in preemptive
scheduling, the priority of a process is gradually reduced
while it is running. Eventually, the priority of the running
process will no longer be the highest, and the next process
will start running. This method is called aging.
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This article was derived from the Free Online Dictionary of Computers and is available under ther terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
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