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Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is an organisation that
oversees IP address, top level domain and Internet protocol code point
allocations. IANA was formerly one man, the late Jon Postel.
IANA delegates local registrations of IP addresses to Regional Internet
Registries (RIRs). Each RIR allocates addresses for a different area of the
world namely:
* ARIN for North America
* RIPE for Europe
* APNIC for Asia and the Pacific region
* LACNIC for Latin America and the Caribbean region
* AfriNIC for Africa
IANA delegates the allocation of IPv4 addresses to RIRs in large chunks
(typically /8 or more at a time), and the RIRs then follow their own
policies for address allocation. They typically further delegate address
assignment to ISPs in small chunks, such as /19 and /20s.
There is also a process for the delegation and allocation of IPv6 addresses,
but there is currently little delegation pressure on blocks of IPv6
addresses, as supply vastly exceeds demand.
IANA is under the control of ICANN, but ultimate control of the DNS root
zone is held by the United States Department of Commerce.
On January 28, 2003 the United States Department of Commerce, via the
Acquistion and Grants Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, issued a notice of intent to grant ICANN control of IANA for
up to three more years. It invited alternative offerors to submit in writing
a detailed response on how they could meet the requirements themselves. Such
responses were to be received no later than 10 days following publication of
the invitation and the decision on whether to open the "tender" to
competition was to remain solely within the discretion of the government.
The relationship between ICANN and the ccTLDs and RIRs can best be described
as highly political, and there have been a number of proposals to decouple
the IANA function from ICANN completely, with or without the cooperation of
the U.S. government.
This content from Wikipedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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