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United States Census Bureau
The US Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the
United States Department of Commerce. Its mission is defined in the
Constitution of the United States, which directs that the population be
enumerated at least once every ten years, and the number of Representatives
in Congress determined accordingly. It also is in charge collecting
statistics about the nation, its people, and economy.
Censuses had been taken prior to the Constitution's ratification; in the
early 1600s, a census was taken in Virginia, and people were counted in
nearly all of the British colonies that became the United States.
The first census after independence was approved on March 1, 1790 and
counted 3.9 million inhabitants.
Down through the years, the Nation's needs and interests became more
complex. This meant that there had to be statistics to help people
understand what was happening and have a basis for planning. The content of
the decennial census changed accordingly. In 1810 the first inquiry on
manufactures, quantity and value of products; in 1840 on fisheries were
added, and in 1850, the census included inquiries on social issues, such as
taxation, churches, pauperism, and crime. The censuses also spread
geographically, to new States and Territories added to the Union, as well as
to other areas under U.S. sovereignty or jurisdiction. There were so many
more inquiries of all kinds in the censuses of 1880 and 1890 that almost a
full decade was needed to publish all the results.
For the first five censuses (1790-1840) enumerators recorded only the names
of the heads of household and did a general demographic accounting of the
remaining members of the household. Beginning in 1850, all members of the
household were named by the enumerator. The first slave schedules were done
in 1850, with the second (and last) in 1860. The 1890 census records were
burned in a fire in the Commerce Department building on January 10, 1921.
The only remaining element of the 1890 census is a special schedule
enumerating veterans and their widows, which was preserved because it was in
the care of another government department at the time. Census records and
data are not available to the public until 72 years after they were taken.
Every census up to 1930 is currently available to the public and can be
viewed on microfilm released by the National Archives and Records
Administration, the official keeper of old federal census records. The 1940
census will be available for review in 2012.
The official census-taking organ of the United States government is the
Census bureau. The Census Bureau is headed by a Director, assisted by a
Deputy Director and an Executive Staff composed of the associate directors.
The Bureau has 12 regional offices with additional processing centers set up
temporarily for the decennial censuses.
The sole purpose of the censuses and surveys is to secure general
statistical information. Replies are obtained from individuals and
establishments only to enable the compilation of such general statistics.
The confidentiality of these replies is very important. By law, no one
— neither the census takers nor any other Census Bureau employee
— is permitted to reveal identifiable information about any person,
household, or business. However, for extremely small villages this is done anyway.
Some states also conduct statewide censuses as the need arises.
This content from Wikipedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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