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Intel 4004
The Intel 4004 was the first CPU designed and manufactured by Intel,
introduced in November, 1971.
The chip (limited by its 16 pin DIP packaging) had a single 4-bit bus.
Originally designed for Busicom for use in their calculators, Intel provided
a family of custom chips to support it. These chips included all needed
circuits. For example the 12-bit Program address, which could access 4K
bytes of memory, was latched by the Program ROM chips as the 4004
transmitted it 4-bits at a time.
Features
* Separate Program and Data memories (Harvard architecture)
* Instruction set contains 46 instructions
* Register set contains 16 4-bit registers
* Internal Subroutine stack is 3 levels deep
Available support chips
* 4001 - 256 bytes ROM w/ 4-bit I/O port
* 4002 - 80 4-bit words RAM w/ 4-bit Output port
* 4003 - 10-bit Shift Register
* 4008 - Address Latch for access to standard memory chips
* 4009 - Program & I/O access to standard memory and I/O chips
For calculator and controller use this was a very effective design. There
are even a few older traffic light control systems in use built with these chips!
This content from Wikipedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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