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Central processing unit
The central processing unit (or CPU) is the part of a computer that
interprets and carries out the instructions contained in the software. In
most CPUs, this task is divided between a control unit that directs program
flow and one or more execution units that perform operations on data. Almost
always, a collection of registers is included to hold operands and
intermediate results.
The term CPU is often used vaguely to include other centrally important
parts of a computer such as caches and input/output controllers, especially
in computers with modern microprocessor chips that include several of these
functions in one physical integrated circuit.
Manufacturers and retailers of desktop computers often erroneously describe
the computer case and its contents as the CPU which is misleading.
A family of CPU designs is often referred to as a CPU architecture.
Notable CPU architectures include:
* Intel's x86 architecture
* Zilog's architecture
* IBM's System/360 architecture
* DEC's PDP-11 architecture, and its successor, the VAX architecture
* Motorola's 68000 architecture
* Sun Microsystems's SPARC architecture
* MIPS Computer Systems Inc.'s MIPS architecture
* HP's PA-RISC architecture
* DEC's Alpha architecture
* The AIM Alliance's PowerPC architecture
* DEC and Acorn ARM's StrongARM architecture
* SuperH's SuperH architecture
* UNIVAC 1100/2200 series architecture (currently supported by Unisys
ClearPath IX computers)
* 1750A, the U.S.'s military standard computer.
* AP-101, the space shuttle's computer
Emerging new CPU architectures include:
* Intel's Itanium architecture
* AMD's x86-64 architecture
Historically important CPUs have been:
* EDSAC- the first stored-program computer
* Apollo Guidance Computer, used in the moon flights
The above processor architectures could also be characterized by their CPU
design like register size. Today most desktop computers have 32-bit
processors; 64-bit processors are being phased in. Smaller devices like
mobile phones, PDAs, or portable video game devices may have 16 or 8-bit
processors.
This content from Wikipedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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